Unnecessary care in nursing homes Research Paper

Unnecessary care in nursing homes - Research Paper Example According to a 2006 report by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23.5% of nursing home residents were hospitalized for unnecessary reasons. In 2010, the World Health Organization revealed that up to 17% of the imaging services prescribed for nursing home residents are unnecessary. This review documents literature on the different aspects of unnecessary care in nursing homes. Ouslander & Berenson (2011) researched on how to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations among nursing home residents. Their study sought to answer the research question of the ways of reducing unnecessary hospitalizations of nursing home residents. The study used a descriptive study design. They found that on-call physicians who are not familiar with the conditions of nursing home residents send them for x-rays that cost Medicare up to $ 10,000 when they would have cost $ 200 only. They concluded that on-call nurse practitioners who visit nursing homes regularly can help reduce misdiagnosis on the conditions of nursing home residents further reducing unnecessary hospitalization among of these residents. Rollin et al (1997) investigated the necessity of imaging services in nursing homes. This was an analysis that sampled individuals who had ever been residents of nursing homes. It sought an answer to the question of whether there are imaging services that are unnecessary. The study found that twenty five percent of all (electrocardiographic services) EKGs conducted in nursing homes in the United States in 1994 in were unnecessary. This cost Medicare a total of $ 8.4 million all of which could have gone to other medically necessary procedures. These authors found that physicians can order for and interpret EKGs for selfish reasons. They concluded that physicians should be checked whether they routinely bill for unnecessary care services. Ashcraft and Champion (2012) investigated the symptomatology that makes physicians

Models of Judicial Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Models of Judicial Review - Assignment Example Additionally, it also involves reviewing an administrative regulation to attain consistency for measuring the effectiveness of a Constitution, statute, or a treaty. Consequently, under the US Constitution, the judicial review lacks explicit powers of reviewing any of the above provisions. Instead, in the US, the judicial review operates through making of inferences of provisions, structure, and history guiding the Constitution. It implies that in a diffuse model, common procedural rules evaluate the constitutionality guiding administrative measures and statutes (Elliot, 2001). Likewise, decisions are mainly within inter parties from the highest to the lowest courts. In other words, most court decisions are deemed retroactive as a rule if there is an unconstitutionality of statutes and this is accompanied with consequences. According to legal experts, the diffuse model of judicial review finds applicability in most countries because of its flexibility and fluidity when approaching sen sitive matters touching on the Constitution. Diffuse model of judicial review differs with the concentrated model of review in varying patterns as interpreted by the law. For example, while diffuse model originates from America, its counterpart is largely Austrian or Europeans (Forsyth, 2000). Similarly, while the concentrated model reviews the constitutionality of statues mostly found in special proceedings, diffuse model is general and is specifically concerned with administrative measures. Contrastingly, unlike the concentrated model that is less widespread because of its limited review functions, the diffuse model is more widespread because it tackles several reviews of the constitutionality. However, both explore the constitutionality of treaties and laws in their respective countries of application. Constitutional review falls into four broad categories of systems. There is the American or diffuse model that uses common